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| Algeria (Arabic)The Pledge Algeria
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| Algiers Algiers (, Algerian Arabic: Dzayer ( (From kabyle pronunciation), Kabyle: Ledzayer , ) is the capital and largest city of Algeria, and the second largest city in the Maghreb (behind Casablanca). According to the 2005 census, the population of the city proper was 1,519,570; for the urban area was 2,135,630; for the metropolitan area 3,518,083; and for Algiers Province as a whole 5,723,749 (2006). Algiers
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| ETA | motives = The creation of an independent socialist Basque Country (Euskal Herria) ETA
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| French language French (français, ) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language, and by about 180 to 260 million people as a second or third language, Profile of France - Francophonie on French Foreign Affairs website (dated July 2007) "Les francophones dans le monde" (Francophones worldwide") — Provides details from a report, (Rapport 1997–1998 du Haut Conseil de la Francophonie, "Etat de la francophonie dans le monde", La Documentation française, 1999, pp.612) which provides the following numbers: 112,666,000 with French as a first, second, or "adopted" language; 60,612,000 "occasional Francophones" for whom usage and mastery of French are limited only by circumstances or by expressive capability; 100–110 million "francizers", who have learned French for several years and have maintained limited mastery, or who have simply been required to learn enough to perform their job. French_language
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| Politics of Mauritania The first fully democratic Presidential election since 1960 occurred on 11 March 2007. The election is the final transfer from military to civilian rule following the military coup in 2005. Politics_of_Mauritania
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| Economy of Mauritania Economy - overview: Economy_of_Mauritania
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| Historical revisionism (negationism) Historical revisionism is the attempt to change commonly held ideas about the past."The two leading critical exposés of Holocaust denial in the United States were written by historians Deborah Lipstadt (1993) and Michael Shermer and Alex Grobman (2000). Historical_revisionism_(negationism)
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| Hugo Chávez | birth_place = Sabaneta, Barinas, Venezuela Hugo_Chávez
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| Laurent-Désiré Kabila |birth_place=Likasi, Belgian Congo Laurent-Désiré_Kabila
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| Jean-Marie Le Pen | birth_place = La Trinité-sur-Mer, Brittany, France Jean-Marie_Le_Pen
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| Edward Hopper | location = Nyack, New York Edward_Hopper
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| Lionel Jospin |birth_place = Meudon, France Lionel_Jospin
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| Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades The al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades () is a coalition of Palestinian militias in the West Bank. The groups name refers to the Al-Aqsa Mosque in East Jerusalem. Al-Aqsa_Martyrs'_Brigades
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| Maurice Papon Maurice Papon (September 3 1910 – February 17 2007) was a French civil servant, industrial leader and Gaullist politician. He is best known as prefect of police of Paris during the 1950s and 1960s, treasurer of the Gaullist Party, head of the Sud Aviation company and member of the French government under Valéry Giscard d'Estaing. Maurice_Papon
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| Francophonie ("Equality, Complementarity, Solidarity"), alluding to France's motto Francophonie
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| Jean-Christophe Mitterrand Jean-Christophe Mitterrand (born December 19, 1946, in Boulogne-Billancourt) is the son of former French president François Mitterrand. He was an advisor to his father on African affairs from 1986 to 1992, Jean-Christophe Mitterrand joue les victimes, RFI, 16 September 2004 and earned the nickname Papamadit (which translates as "Papa-told-me") in Africa. Jean-Christophe_Mitterrand
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| Nonviolence Nonviolence is a philosophy and strategy for social change that rejects the use of physical violence. As such, nonviolence is an alternative to passive acceptance of oppression and armed struggle against it. Nonviolence
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| Íngrid Betancourt | birth_place = Bogotá, Colombia Íngrid_Betancourt
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| African hip hop Hip hop music has been popular in Africa since the early 1980s due to widespread American influence. In 1985 hip hop reached Senegal, a French-speaking country in West Africa. African_hip_hop
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| Pierre Messmer |party =UDR Pierre_Messmer
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